What is anthropology vs sociology?

Anthropology and sociology are both social sciences that study human behavior and societies, but they differ in their scope and methods.

• Anthropology: Anthropology traditionally focuses on studying cultures and societies from a holistic perspective, examining the history, evolution, and structure of human societies, often focusing on non-Western cultures. It encompasses four main subfields:

  • Archaeology: The study of past peoples and cultures by excavating and analyzing material remains.
  • Biological Anthropology: Also known as physical anthropology, which studies human biological evolution and variation.
  • Cultural Anthropology: Examines contemporary cultures and societies, often using ethnographic methods like participant observation.
  • Linguistic Anthropology: Studies the role of language in social life.

• Sociology: Sociology tends to focus on the study of contemporary societies, particularly industrialized societies, and examines social structures, social institutions, and social relationships. Common subjects include:

  • Social Stratification: The study of inequality and hierarchies within society.
  • Social Change: Focuses on how societies transform over time.
  • Deviance: The study of behaviors that violate social norms.
  • Social Institutions: Analysing institutions such as family, education, and the state.

Key Differences:

• Scope: Anthropology traditionally has a broader scope, encompassing both past and present societies, while sociology tends to focus on modern societies.
• Methods: Anthropologists often employ qualitative methods, such as ethnography, while sociologists often use both qualitative and quantitative methods, such as surveys and statistical analysis.
• Focus: Anthropology frequently centers on culture, while sociology emphasizes social structure.